How does coronavirus spread? When will a vaccine be available? Your COVID-19 questions, answered – CBS News

How does coronavirus spread? When will a vaccine be available? Your COVID-19 questions, answered - CBS News thumbnail
 

What are coronavirus symptoms?

Whereas COVID-19 has been generally identified as a respiratory illness, many patients skills a broad sequence of various symptoms that the CDC says can appear any place from 2 to 14 days after exposure.

“COVID-19 can gape assorted in assorted folk,” it says. “For many folk, being in miserable health with COVID-19 would possibly per chance be a diminutive bit of bit delight in having the flu. Folks can discover a fever, cough, or delight in a exhausting time taking deep breaths. Most folk that delight in gotten COVID-19 haven’t gotten very in miserable health. Handiest a minute group of folk that discover it delight in had more severe complications.”

In step with the CDC, symptoms would possibly per chance contain:

  • Fever or chills
  • Cough
  • Shortness of breath or command breathing
  • Fatigue
  • Muscle or physique aches
  • Headache
  • Loss of taste or scent
  • Sore throat
  • Congestion or runny nostril
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Diarrhea

The CDC cautions this checklist “would not contain all that that it is likely you’ll maybe judge of symptoms,” and ought to mute proceed to be updated as more turns into identified about COVID-19.

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How does coronavirus spread?

“The virus that causes COVID-19 is belief to spread basically from person to person, basically by respiratory droplets produced when an contaminated person coughs, sneezes, or talks,” the CDC says

“These droplets can land within the mouths or noses of folk which would be nearby or maybe be inhaled into the lungs. Unfold is more likely when folk are in shut contact with one yet any other (within about 6 feet).”

Proof reveals most COVID-19 transmission happens from folk which would be symptomatic, while asymptomatic folk “are great much less liable to transmit the virus than folk who set apart symptoms,” the World Health Group (WHO) says

Nonetheless, more than one study delight in stumbled on that folk that set apart not seem like exhibiting any symptoms can unknowingly spread the virus to others, and a range of “extraordinary-spreader occasions,” where many folk had been contaminated, delight in been linked to asymptomatic transmission.

“COVID-19 would possibly per chance also be spread by folk that cease not delight in symptoms and cease not know that they are contaminated,” the CDC says. Nevertheless WHO notes that more data is important to better realize transmission.

“WHO is working with countries across the enviornment, and global researchers, to compose better proof-based working out of the disease as a total, including the role of asymptomatic patients within the transmission of the virus,” it says. 

What every person is aware of relating to the possibility of asymptomatic spread of coronavirus

The CDC says folk can additionally change into contaminated when they touch a floor with the virus and then touch their mouth, nostril or eyes.    

The CDC says it is not yet identified when “viral shedding” – the launch of the virus from an contaminated person – begins following an infection, or exactly how lengthy it lasts.

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How does coronavirus delight in an ticket on teenagers?

Most identified COVID-19 cases are among the grownup inhabitants. And early study means that fewer teenagers than adults who cease discover the virus cease up organising a fever, cough or shortness of breath, in accordance with the American Academy of Pediatrics.

“Few teenagers with COVID-19 delight in wanted to be hospitalized,” the group says. “On the opposite hand, severe illness has been reported in teenagers, most assuredly in infants much less than a 365 days.”

Medical doctors judge there’s rising proof that a rare, mysterious illness exhibiting in teenagers will be linked to the virus. The illness, generally identified as Multi-Machine Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), would possibly per chance set apart in teenagers a while after they had been exposed to the coronavirus.

Dr. Tara Narula solutions viewer questions about child safety as states reopen

Symptoms delight in been when put next to those of Kawasaki disease and toxic-shock syndrome, however the illness is being diagnosed as a “new entity,” in accordance with Dr. Luiza Petre, a heart specialist and professor of cardiology at Mount Sinai’s College of Medication in Original York.

“What we’re seeing is the immune system is on the full going into overdrive, impacting the physique in a unfavorable intention,” Dr. Jake Kleinmahon, a pediatric oncologist in Original Orleans who has handled several teenagers for the illness, told CBS Files in Can also. “These set apart of patients are having irritation of their coronary arteries, and it is likely you’ll maybe delight in on the full a heart attack.”

The American Academy of Pediatrics says teenagers with MIS-C “would possibly per chance change into very in miserable health with signs of irritation in many or all of their inner organs, such as the intestines, heart, lungs, and kidneys.” It urges folk to contact a pediatrician steady away if a child has any of those symptoms:

  • Fever lasting more than 3 days
  • Belly be troubled, diarrhea or vomiting
  • Neck be troubled
  • Rash or modifications in skin color
  • Bloodshot eyes
  • Looks additional tired
  • Disaster breathing
  • Concern of rigidity within the chest that would not trek away
  • Changing into puzzled
  • Unable to wake up or cease awake
  • Bluish lips or face

The American Academy of Pediatrics notes that the association between COVID-19 and MIS-C is “not properly understood” and desires to “reassure fogeys that only a pair of teenagers discover severely in miserable health from the virus that causes COVID-19.”

“Besides, most identified with MIS-C delight in recovered after getting sanatorium treatment,” it says.

Dr. Anthony Fauci on when teenagers can trek encourage to varsity safely

 

How does coronavirus delight in an ticket on pregnant girls?

The CDC says pregnant folk is liable to be at heightened possibility of getting severely in miserable health from COVID-19. “Moreover, there will be an increased possibility of opposed being pregnant outcomes, such as preterm birth, among pregnant folk with COVID-19,” it says. 

“Therefore, in case you are pregnant, have in mind about lowering your possibility of getting in miserable health. While you gain yourself caring for children, it is likely you’ll maybe educate them on a every day basis steps (such as upright handwashing) to wait on them cease healthy and, in turn, wait on present yourself with protection and your family.”

A CDC file stumbled on that pregnant girls accounted for roughly 9% of lab-confirmed COVID-19 cases in girls of childbearing age, despite the indisputable truth that handiest about 5% of ladies of childbearing age are pregnant at any given time.

The file confirmed that pregnant girls had increased charges of hospitalization, of admission to a clinic intensive care unit and of winding up on a breathing machine vs. younger ladies who weren’t pregnant. There used to be no certain proof of a increased loss of life rate among pregnant girls, on the opposite hand.

Or not it is not fully dazzling, stated Dr. Denise Jamieson, chair of obstetrics and gynecology on the Emory University College of Medication. Pregnant girls delight in been stumbled on to be at increased possibility from assorted infectious respiratory diseases, likely for the reason that lungs decrease within the quantity as the uterus grows, Jamieson stated.

The CDC urges folk who’re pregnant to not skip prenatal care appointments however additionally restrict interactions with folk as great as that that it is likely you’ll maybe judge of. It advises maintaining a 30-day present of any vital medicines on-hand and carry precautions when interacting with others.  

“Look care at once if it is likely you’ll maybe delight in a medical emergency,” it says.

-CBS Files/The Associated Press

 

Who’s at heightened possibility of getting seriously in miserable health?

Folks who’re older or delight in underlying health stipulations are at heightened possibility of getting severely in miserable health from the virus.

“As you develop outdated, your possibility for severe illness from COVID-19 will increase. As an illustration, folk in their 50s are at increased possibility for severe illness than folk in their 40s. Similarly, folk in their 60s or 70s are, in usual, at increased possibility for severe illness than folk in their 50s,” the CDC says.

“The most practical likely possibility for severe illness from COVID-19 is among those feeble 85 or older,” it says.

Nevertheless regardless of a person’s age, the CDC says the following stipulations expand a person’s possibility of severe COVID-19 illness: 

  • Continual kidney disease 
  • COPD (power obstructive pulmonary disease) 
  • Obesity (BMI of 30 or increased) 
  • Immunocompromised assert (weakened immune system) from solid organ transplant 
  • Serious heart stipulations, such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathies 
  • Sickle cell disease 
  • Kind 2 diabetes 


The CDC additionally lists these stipulations as potentially rising a person’s possibility of severe illness, however says more study is important:

  • Asthma (life like-to-severe) 
  • Cerebrovascular disease (impacts blood vessels and blood present to the brain) 
  • Cystic fibrosis 
  • Hypertension or high blood rigidity 
  • Immunocompromised assert (weakened immune system) from blood or bone marrow transplant, immune deficiencies, HIV, exhaust of corticosteroids, or exhaust of various immune weakening medicines 
  • Neurologic stipulations, such as dementia 
  • Liver disease 
  • Being pregnant 
  • Pulmonary fibrosis (having broken or scarred lung tissues) 
  • Smoking 
  • Thalassemia (a fashion of blood disorder) 
  • Kind 1 diabetes 

COVID-19 has additionally taken a disproportionate toll on SunlessHispanic and Native American communities.

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Can you like coronavirus twice?

It’s mute unknown whether folk that delight in recovered from COVID-19 are in a arrangement to discover reinfected with the virus. The quiz hinges on antibodies, and the immunity they would possibly per chance, or would possibly per chance not, present. 

Reviews of various coronaviruses, delight in SARS and MERS, delight in shown that folk are proof against contracting those viruses for a time frame after their preliminary an infection — however that their immunity shouldn’t be everlasting. 

In step with Dr. Lee Riley, chair of the Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology at UC Berkeley, folk that had SARS delight in shown to thrill in a pair of months to about a 365 days of immunity, and folk with MERS delight in shown up to 2 years of immunity.

For the reason that virus that causes COVID-19 shares characteristics with those viruses, scientists are them for guidance, however not definitive solutions. As a brand new virus, handiest time will portray what roughly immunity folk must it.

Dr. Theresa Madaline, a healthcare epidemiologist and assistant professor of infectious diseases on the Albert Einstein College of Medication in Original York, stated a perceive in South Korea confirmed that folk that had previously been contaminated with coronavirus had certain nasal swabs weeks after having the virus, however it absolutely’s unclear whether those certain outcomes had been from new active virus, or “ineffective remnants from the modern virus.”

There would possibly per chance be mute loads that we make not know relating to the coronavirus, including the weight that ought to be given to certain antibody assessments. Dr. Madaline stressed out that folk that test certain for antibodies ought to mute proceed to wear masks, wash fingers steadily, and social distance.

“Or not it is not a passport for them to trek spherical freely,” she stated.

 

Are masks effective against coronavirus?

Fabric face coverings wait on prevent an contaminated person from spreading the coronavirus to others by serving to to withhold respiratory droplets contained, the CDC says. It recommends that folk older than the age of 2 wear face coverings in public “as a really easy barrier.”

Coverings delight in masks wait on prevent respiratory droplets from dispersing into the air when any individual talks or raises their exclaim, or coughs or sneezes. They’re “maybe” to minimize COVID-19’s spread when folk in public widely exhaust them.

Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation’s high infectious disease unswerving, told CBS Files in a modern interview, “The most practical likely intention to protect yourself and to forestall acquisition of and spread of an infection is to lead clear of crowds. Merit away from crowds. If genuinely, for one reason or assorted, you feel compelled to cease that, which we make not point out, then wear a disguise always.”

Surgeon Identical outdated Jerome Adams urged Americans “Please, please, wear a face overlaying if you exit in public. It’s miles not an effort. It’s miles not a suppression of your freedom. It without a doubt is a automobile to enact our targets, it provides to your consolation and your freedom. … While you cease not wear your face overlaying, we perceive increased spread and must shut locations.”

The CDC notes that COVID-19 would possibly per chance also be spread by folk that cease not delight in symptoms and make not know that they are contaminated: “That’s why it be well-known for every person to wear materials face coverings in public settings and apply social distancing (staying a minimal of 6 feet away from assorted folk).”

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When will a coronavirus vaccine be accessible?

A pair of dozen assorted vaccines are in assorted stages of checking out worldwide, including in Britain, China and the United States. Dr. Anthony Fauci, head of the Nationwide Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, says he is “cautiously optimistic” there will be a COVID-19 vaccine by the cease of 2020 or early 2021, despite the indisputable truth that he is additionally renowned there is “no guarantee.”

When there is a vaccine, who would possibly per chance be the first with a belief to discover it? Doubtlessly folk within the country where the first effective vaccine is developed.

How vaccines are disbursed within a country will differ. U.S. officials stated in June they had been organising a tiered system for that, which would likely prioritize groups at most practical likely possibility of severe complications from COVID-19 and key workers.

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Is it safe to trek to the seaside?

Health consultants relate there is a decrease likelihood of getting the virus outdoor than gathering inner. Nevertheless sunbathing and swimming within the ocean with assorted folk shouldn’t be possibility-free. 

“Although staying outdoor is most gain, every person is aware of that a crowded seaside can set you at great increased possibility of COVID an infection,” Dr. Shoshana Ungerleider, an inner medication doctor, stated on CBSN.

She stated it be well-known to withhold your distance from assorted folk on land and within the water and that if it gets too crowded, “it be well-known to recede the dilemma.”  

“I eliminate to reveal a minimal of 10 feet away from others upright to present yourself a buffer, and make not swim up subsequent to assorted folk where they would possibly per chance cough or spit or their breath would possibly per chance discover on you,” she stated.

Ungerleider steered going with a minute group “that you simply know and that you simply believe.”

“The increased the group, the increased your possibility,” she stated.    

Ungerleider steered bringing two face masks in case one gets moist and steered bringing your contain chairs and toys, as properly as disinfectant wipes and hand sanitizer.

“Have interaction into consideration that the entirety that you simply touch will be contaminated,” she stated. 

Miami-Dade Beaches Reopen After Being Closed For Coronavirus Pandemic
Beachgoers carry profit of the gap of South Coastline on June 10, 2020 in Miami Coastline, Florida. 

Cliff Hawkins/Getty Photos


 

Is it safe to fly?

The CDC warns that any “shuttle will increase your possibilities of getting and spreading COVID-19.”

Henry Harteveldt, a shuttle alternate analyst on the Atmosphere Look at Community, says flying is a safe possibility for travelers, “however it absolutely shouldn’t be a possibility-free possibility.”

In step with Harteveldt, airports delight in taken steps to protect travelers delight in cleansing with increased frequency, placing in plexiglass shields at test-in counters and hand sanitizing stations for the length of the constructing. 

Nevertheless not like airports, which are inclined to apply native regulations, safety precautions differ in case you are on a plane, he stated. Some airlines delight in temporarily stopped filling center seats to expand distance between passengers. Passengers must wear masks on flights, and a few meals and beverage carrier is being curtailed.

Nevertheless American Airways not too lengthy within the past introduced that this would possibly per chance occasionally birth reserving flights to skill on July 1 as a exchange of leaving vacant seats for social distancing.

CDC Director Dr. Robert Redfield told a Senate committee listening to there used to be “large disappointment” with American Airways’ resolution to discover planes. “We make not judge it be the steady message,” he stated, adding that it is below “vital evaluate” by the CDC.

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Harteveldt urged travelers to familiarize themselves with an airline’s COVID-19 precautions forward of reserving a flight. He recommends passengers pack: 

  • A pair of face coverings, especially for lengthy flights, as they would possibly per chance not be equipped to you.

  • Hand sanitizer for every and each body touring with you. TSA is now allowing passengers to bring 12 oz. hand sanitizers, as against the outdated 3 oz.

  • Disposable gloves and sanitizing wipes. Despite the indisputable truth that the airline is cleansing planes between flights, wiping down your seat, tray desk, and window color can discover rid of germs.

  • Your contain meals. Most airlines are likely to be not promoting meals on domestic flights, and plenty of airport ingesting locations are closed.

Sooner than you discover to the airport, Harteveldt stated travelers ought to mute additionally bag their airline’s app and sign in forward of time to minimize contact with assorted folk. And, to extra steer clear of passing germs, protect onto your phone when TSA scans your boarding trek.

While it is likely you’ll maybe steer clear of checking your bag, cease so, he stated. And whether or not it is likely you’ll maybe delight in got checked a bag, wipe it down forward of you enable the airport. 

“That you just would be in a position to not be too careful,” he stated.

US-HEALTH-VIRUS-transport
Passengers walks past thermal cameras, that test passenger’s physique temperatures, at Los Angeles World Airport in Los Angeles, California on June 23, 2020,.

FREDERIC J. BROWN/AFP by job of Getty Photos


The CDC recommends that forward of getting on a plane, travelers first look for their shuttle residing. If COVID-19 is spreading where you are going — that it is likely you’ll maybe resolve on the CDC’s COVID tracker arrangement — the agency warns travelers that they would possibly per chance change into contaminated while away from home. 

Harteveldt echoed that recommendation, saying that travelers ought to mute be most angry by the placement of cases and accessible clinic beds within the assert they are headed. Particular consideration ought to mute be taken in case you are touring to states delight in Texas, Arizona, Florida, or California where cases are on the rise

The associated scrutiny ought to mute be given to where you are leaving from. The CDC urges travelers to ask themselves if COVID-19 is spreading in their community forward of departing. “Despite the indisputable truth that you simply’re making not delight in symptoms, it is likely you’ll maybe spread COVID-19 to others while touring,” reads its net web assert. 

Dr. Theresa Madaline, a healthcare epidemiologist and assistant professor of infectious diseases on the Albert Einstein College of Medication in Original York, stated she would not shuttle steady now “given the amount of COVID activity within the country.” 

“I for my section are likely to be not flying on an airplane anytime soon,” she stated.

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How lengthy can coronavirus dwell on a floor?

The CDC says “it’ll be that that it is likely you’ll maybe judge of” for any individual to discover COVID-19 by touching a floor containing the coronavirus and then touching their eyes, nostril or mouth. Nevertheless it absolutely says that’s not the important thing intention the virus spreads.

Outside of the physique the virus weakens and dies over time, despite the indisputable truth that study counsel it is in a arrangement to stay on on surfaces for intervals starting from hours to days. The length of time is dependent on the temperature and the fashion of floor, as properly as assorted factors. 

“As an illustration, a minute amount of the brand new coronavirus is mute detectable on plastic surfaces for up to three days, on stainless metal for up to 2 days and up to one day on cardboard, however it absolutely’s at much less than 0.1% of the starting virus subject materials,” explains Johns Hopkins Medication.

“To this level, proof means that the virus would not stay on as properly on a cozy floor (such as fabric) as it does on steadily touched exhausting surfaces delight in elevator buttons and door handles.”

 

How lengthy does coronavirus dwell on dresses?

As Johns Hopkins Medication notes, proof suggests the coronavirus would not stay on as properly on fabric and diverse soft surfaces as it does on “steadily touched exhausting surfaces” delight in door handles and elevator buttons.

The CDC would not relate it is likely you’ll maybe must clean your dresses when returning from routine errands delight in grocery making an try. 

Nevertheless it absolutely does delight in ideas in phrases of handling the dresses of any individual who is in miserable health, including not shaking that person’s dirty laundry. “This would possibly per chance occasionally decrease the probability of dispersing virus by the air,” the CDC says. 

It says dirty laundry from a in miserable health person would possibly per chance also be washed with assorted folk’s dresses. “If that that it is likely you’ll maybe judge of, launder objects the exhaust of the warmest applicable water surroundings for the objects and dry objects fully.”

It additionally recommends disinfecting hampers and brooding relating to the exhaust of bag liners that would possibly per chance also be washed or thrown away.

Health mavens caring for COVID-19 patients ought to mute additionally carry protective measures. In step with an article in Family Practice Administration, the American Academy of Family Physicians’ scrutinize-reviewed journal, they ought to mute bathe and commerce into clean dresses and shoes forward of going home, or commerce in an isolated enviornment at home if that’s not that that it is likely you’ll maybe judge of, such as a mudroom.

“Save dirty dresses and shoes into a bag for soiled dresses. Have interaction into consideration the exhaust of a material bag it is likely you’ll maybe wash along along with your dirty dresses on a every day basis,” it says. 

It additionally says dresses inclined at work would possibly per chance also be washed at home the exhaust of conventional laundry detergent.

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